Self-medication associated with toothache: a systematic literature review / Automedicação associada à dor de dente: uma revisão sistemática da literatura / Automedicación asociada al dolor de dientes: una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Introduction: Self-medication consists of selecting and using medication without a poprescription or guidance from a healthcare professional. This practice has been widely reported worldwide, which has contributed to a series of adverse health outcomes, such as delayed diagnosis, worsening of clinical conditions, drug interactions, intoxication, and adverse reactions, which tend to compromise patient safety. Objective:To analyze the prevalence of self-medication associated with toothache, the main factors associated with self-medication in dental patients, as well as outline the profile of medications used by these individuals, the preferred route of administration, and the main sources of medication.Methodology:Asystematic review was developed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Relevant articles published in the last ten years, without limitations of language were searched using the following descriptors/MeSHterms and keywords: "self-medication" and (toothache or "dental pain") not Child. Results:The initial search returned 61 manuscripts. Fourteen papers, all cross-sectional studies, were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review.Conclusions:The prevalence of self-medication for toothache ranged from 6.5% to 100.0%. Cultural and economic factors, barriers to access, the high cost of dental treatments, lack of time and money, and the perception that dental problems are not a serious problem are among the main factors associated with the practice. Regarding the drugs used, the most used classes were paracetamol, especially anti-inflammatory drugs, particularly ibuprofen, and analgesics administered orally (AU).

Introdução:A automedicação consiste na escolha e uso de medicamentos sem prescrição ou orientação de um profissional de saúde. Essa prática tem sido amplamente divulgada em todo o mundo, o que tem contribuído para uma série de desfechos adversos à saúde, como atraso no diagnóstico, piora do quadro clínico, interações medicamentosas, intoxicações e reações adversas, que tendem a comprometer a segurança do paciente. Objetivo:Analisar a prevalência da automedicação associada à dor de dente, os principais fatores associados à automedicação em pacientes odontológicos, bem como traçar o perfil dos medicamentos utilizados por esses indivíduos, a via preferencial de administração e as principais fontes de medicação. Metodologia:Uma revisão sistemática foi desenvolvida de acordo com os itens de relatório preferidos para revisões sistemáticas e meta-análises (PRISMA). Foram pesquisados artigos relevantes publicados nos últimos dez anos, sem limitação de linguagem, utilizando os seguintes descritores/MeSHterms e palavras-chave: "self-medication" e (toothache or "dental pain") não Child. Resultados:A busca inicial encontrou61manuscritos. Quatorze artigos, de delineamento transversal,foram considerados elegíveis e incluídos para a revisão.Conclusões:A prevalência de automedicação para dor de dente variou de 6,5% a 100,0%. Fatores culturais e econômicos, barreiras de acesso, alto custo dos tratamentos odontológicos, falta de tempo e dinheiro e a percepção de que os problemas odontológicos não são um problema grave estão entre os principais fatores associados à prática. Em relação aos medicamentos utilizados, as classes mais utilizadas foram o paracetamol, principalmente os anti-inflamatórios, principalmente o ibuprofeno, e os analgésicos por via oral (AU).

Introducción: La automedicación consiste en seleccionar y utilizar medicamentos sin receta ni orientación de un profesional sanitario. Esta práctica ha sido ampliamente reportada a nivel mundial, lo que ha contribuido a una serie de resultados adversos para la salud, como retraso en el diagnóstico, empeoramiento de las condiciones clínicas, interacciones medicamentosas, intoxicaciones y reacciones adversas, que tienden a comprometer la seguridad del paciente.Objetivo: Analizar la prevalencia de automedicación asociada al dolor de muelas, los principales factores asociados a la automedicación en pacientes odontológicos, así como delinear el perfil de medicamentos utilizados por estos individuos, la vía de administración preferida y las principales fuentes de medicación. Metodología: Se desarrolló una revisión sistemática de acuerdo con los Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Se buscaron artículos relevantes publicados en los últimos diez años, sin limitaciones de idioma, utilizando los siguientes descriptores/MeSHterms y palabras clave: "self-medication" y (toothache or "dental pain") not Child. Resultados: La búsqueda inicial arrojó 61 manuscritos. Catorce artículos, todos estudios transversales, fueron elegibles para su inclusión en la revisión sistemática.Conclusiones: La prevalencia de automedicación para el dolor de muelas osciló entre 6,5% y 100,0%. Los factoresculturales y económicos, las barreras de acceso, el alto costo de los tratamientos dentales, la falta de tiempo y dinero, y la percepción de que los problemas dentales no son un problema grave se encuentran entre los principales factores asociados con la práctica. En cuanto a los fármacos utilizados, las clases más utilizadas fueron el paracetamol, especialmente los antiinflamatorios, especialmente el ibuprofeno, y los analgésicos por vía oral (AU).

Odontologia hospitalar: uma análise crítica sobre a inserção do cirurgião dentista na atenção terciária no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil / Hospital dentistry: a critical analysis of the role of the dental surgeon in tertiary care in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Objetivo: analisar a inserção do cirurgião dentista na atenção terciária no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Método: estudo descritivo ecológico, com uso de dados secundários registrados pelo Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde no ano de 2023. A coleta de dados foi realizada em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa também foram coletados os dados do CNES referentes à presença do cirurgião dentista, tipo de vínculo contratual e especialidades ofertadas pelos serviços. Já na segunda etapa os dados coletados foram referentes aos indicadores sociodemográficos dos profissionais com habilitação em odontologia hospitalar utilizando as informações disponibilizadas pelo Sistema WSCFO do Conselho Federal de Odontologia. A análise dos dados foi realizada com o suporte do software TabWin, versão 3.6, e do software estatístico R v. 4.2.3. Os dados foram analisados por meio de análise descritiva. Resultados: apenas 6,11% das instituições são certificadas e consideradas Hospitais de Ensino. A maioria dos estabelecimentos (87,14%) oferece atendimento pelo SUS. Quanto à presença de cirurgiões dentistas nos estabelecimentos, 64,63% dos estabelecimentos relataram tê-los, enquanto 35,37% não possuem esse profissional em sua equipe. Neste estudo, constatamos que uma correlação positiva do cirurgião dentista com o número de leitos de UTI adulto e ao maior porte do hospital. Conclusão: observa-se que ainda há necessidade de estruturação da atenção terciária no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, no que se refere à odontologia hospitalar. Há poucos os cirurgiões dentistas com uma carga horária dedicada exclusivamente ao atendimento hospitalar clínico a beira leito.(AU)

Objective: To analyze the inclusion of dental surgeons in tertiary care in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Method: a descriptive ecological study using secondary data recorded by the National Register of Health Establishments in 2023. Data was collected in two stages. In the first stage, data was also collected from the CNES regarding the presence of a dental surgeon, the type of contractual relationship and the specialties offered by the services. In the second stage, data was collected on the sociodemographic indicators of professionals qualified in hospital dentistry using the information provided by the WSCFO System of the Federal Council of Dentistry. The data was analyzed using TabWin software, version 3.6, and R v. 4.2.3 statistical software. The data was analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results: only 6.11% of institutions are certified and considered Teaching Hospitals. The majority of establishments (87.14%) provide care through the SUS. As for the presence of dental surgeons in the establishments, 64.63% of the establishments reported having them, while 35.37% did not have this professional on their team. In this study, we found a positive correlation between the number of adult ICU beds and the size of the hospital. Conclusion: There is still a need to structure tertiary care in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, in terms of hospital dentistry. There are few dental surgeons with a workload dedicated exclusively to bedside clinical hospital care.(AU)

How Brazilian oral health care workers face COVID-19: surveillance, biosafety, and education strategies

Aim: To investigate surveillance, biosafety, and education strategies of Brazilian oral health care workers (OHCWs) during the first wave of the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study covering OHCWs from a single multicenter research centre. A self-administered and validated online questionnaire was used for data collection, including the following variables: sociodemographic, medical history, biosafety, professional experience, surveillance, and education. Results: The sample consisted of 644 OHCWs (82.5% dentists, 13.2% dental assistants and 4.3% technicians), most without comorbidities (84.8%), from the public (51.7%) and private (48.3%) health systems, in 140 cities of a southern state. The most prominent measures of surveillance were waiting room distancing and visual alerts, symptom assessment, and availability of guidelines on COVID-19. Regarding biosafety measures, the lowest adherence was related to intraoral radiographs (2.7±1.4; 95%CI: 2.6­2.9), use of dental dams (2.1±1.4; 95%CI: 2.0­2.2), and availability of high-power suction systems (2.5±1.7; 95%CI: 2.3­2.6). Among OHCWs, 52.6% received guidance on measures to take during dental care in the workplace. Continuing education was mainly through documents from non-governmental health authorities (77.4%). Conclusion: Surveillance and biosafety measures were adopted, but activities that reduce the spread of aerosols had less adherence. These findings underscore the importance of considering dental practices, and surveillance and education strategies to formulate policies and relevant support to address health system challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic. A coordinated action of permanent education by policymakers is necessary

Cost-related variables in the public purchase of dental materials for endodontic application: 10-year analysis

Aim: This study analyzed public procurements for different endodontic materials used in the Brazilian public health system and evaluated the variables related to their cost. Methods: A time-series study was performed by screening materials for endodontic application in the public Brazilian Databank of Healthcare Prices from 2010 to 2019. Data were categorized according to material composition and clinical application. The collated variables were used in a multiple linear regression model to predict the impact of unit price in procurement processes. Results: A total of 5,973 procurement processes (1,524,693 items) were evaluated. Calcium hydroxides were found in 79% of the observations (4,669 processes). Prices drop each year by US$1.87 while MTAs and epoxy resins are increasingly purchased at higher prices (US$50.87; US$67.69, respectively). The microregion, the procurement modality, and the type of institution had no influence on unit prices in the adjusted model (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Calcium hydroxide-based materials were the cheapest and most frequently purchased endodontic materials in the public health care system. Novel formulations are being implemented into clinical practice over time and their cost may be a barrier to the broad application of materials such as MTAs, despite their effectiveness

Calidad en la atención del servicio de odontología en población sin seguridad social / Quality of Dental Services in People with no Social Security

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la calidad de la atención odontológica en población sin seguridad social, en unidades de atención primaria. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, exploratorio y transversal que evaluó la calidad de la atención a través de la estructura, los procesos y resultados, incluyó la revisión de 86 expedientes clínicos, siete consultorios, 168 usuarios y 43 odontólogos, los instrumentos utilizados fueron tres listas de cotejo y un cuestionario. Resultados: El índice total de la calidad fue de 69.73%, para las dimensiones de estructura, proceso y resultado fue de 72.9%, 54.61% y 81.6% respectivamente. Hay carencias de insumos, instrumental, déficit de unidades dentales y excedente de odontólogos, e incumplimiento técnico- normativo. Conclusiones: La evaluación integral de la calidad en la atención odontológica a través de medir la estructura, los procesos y resultados, permite identificar áreas de oportunidad y tomar decisiones basadas en evidencias científicas.

Abstract Objective: Assess the quality of dental care among population with no social security treated in primary care units. Material and methods: An observational, descriptive, exploratory, and cross-sectional study was conducted to assess, through structure, process and results. Also, 86 clinical records, seven (7) medical offices, 168 users and 43 dentists were reviewed. Three checklists and a questionnaire were the tools used. Results: The total quality index was that of 69.73, while for structure, process and the result was 72.9%, 54.61 and 81.6 respectively. There is a lack of supplies, instruments, dental units and surplus of dentists, as well as technical and regulatory non-compliance. Conclusions: Comprehensive evaluation of quality of dental care through measuring the structure, processes, and results, enables to identify areas of opportunity and scientific evidence-based decision making.

Os desafios e as potencialidades da saúde bucal na Estratégia Saúde da Família: uma análise dos processos de trabalho / Challenges and potentialities of oral health in the Family Health Strategy: an analysis of work processes

Resumo A saúde bucal foi inserida no Programa Saúde da Família por meio da Portaria do Ministério da Saúde nº 1.444/2000, mas somente após a publicação da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal houve uma reorganização das práticas e ações em saúde bucal. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os principais desafios e potencialidades dos processos de trabalho em saúde bucal no âmbito da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa realizada com as Equipes de Saúde Bucal e a Coordenação de Saúde Bucal do município de Coreaú, Ceará, Brasil, totalizando 11 participantes. A coleta das informações ocorreu entre abril e agosto de 2019, a partir de grupo focal, diário de campo e entrevista semiestruturada. Utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin, sendo realizadas triangulação e interpretação das informações definidas em cinco categorias: organização do processo de trabalho; educação em saúde; interprofissionalidade e prática colaborativa; gestão participativa e satisfação dos usuários. Concluiu-se que, no processo de trabalho, a maior problemática é a marcação dos atendimentos em saúde bucal. As potencialidades identificadas foram a inserção da Odontologia na Estratégia Saúde da Família e a integração da equipe de saúde bucal com o efetivo interesse de transformação das práticas.

Abstract Oral health was included in the Family Health Program through Ministry of Health Ordinance No. 1444/2000, but only after the publication of the National Oral Health Policy was there a reorganization of oral health practices and actions. This study aimed to identify the main challenges and potential of the oral health work processes within the scope of the Family Health Strategy. This research has a qualitative approach carried out with the Oral Health and Oral Health Coordination Teams in the municipality of Coreaú, Ceará, Brazil, totaling 11 participants. Information was collected between April and August 2019 from a focus group, field diary and semi-structured interviews. Bardin's Content Analysis was used, with triangulation and interpretation of the information defined in five categories: organization of the work process; health education; inter-professionality and collaborative practice; participatory management and user satisfaction. It was concluded that in the work process the biggest problem is the scheduling of oral health care. The potentialities identified were the insertion of Dentistry in the Family Health Strategy and the integration of the oral health team with the effective interest in transforming practices.

Impact of economic factors and knowledge translation on public procurement for dental adhesive systems

Abstract: This study aimed to screen the public procurement for dental adhesives in a public health system and evaluate the variables associated with the type and cost of purchased materials. A time series was conducted with secondary data collated from the Brazilian Databank of Healthcare Prices (BDHP). All public procurements for adhesive systems registered from 2010 to 2019 were collated. The frequency of purchase was described, and a multiple linear regression model was used to assess the influence of unit price on predictor variables. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to describe the influence of selected variables on the probability of purchase for different classes of adhesive systems. A total of 2,752 purchases were analyzed, and the total cost of these materials reached US$ 7,022,659.00 in the 10 analyzed years. The 3-step Etch & Rinse adhesives corresponded to 45.63% of the processes, with increased probability of being purchased over time. The process conducted by public universities in recent years, using the auction modality, presented lower unit prices. The year of purchase, the type of institutions, the institution's location, and the procurement modality influenced the procurement process. The performed analyses contribute to the understanding of the variables associated with the procurements for adhesive systems, providing valuable information for rationalizing public expenditure and for implementing evidence-based practices to guarantee cost-effective and clinically effective procedures for users of the Brazilian public healthcare system.

Saúde bucal na gestação: percepções e práticas da gestante na Estratégia Saúde da Família / Oral health in pregnancy: perceptions and practices of pregnant women in the Family Health Strategy / Salud bucal en el embarazo: percepciones y prácticas de la gestante en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia

A gestação é um período que pode predispor ou agravar algumas alterações bucais, uma vez que é caracterizado por mudanças hormonais, fisiológicas e psicológicas complexas. Apesar disso, o atendimento odontológico pré-natal ainda é negligenciado. Este estudo descritivo, transversal e de natureza quantitativa teve por objetivo analisar percepções e práticas das gestantes que utilizam os serviços de pré-natal de uma Unidade de Saúde da Família (USF) de Itabuna (BA) acerca da saúde bucal durante a gestação, bem como sobre o atendimento odontológico no decorrer do período gestacional. Em 2019, entrevistadores previamente treinados aplicaram questionário único a todas as gestantes residentes na área de abrangência da USF. Utilizou-se o programa estatístico IBM SPSS® Statistics versão 21.0 na análise descritiva. Para verificar a normalidade dos dados foi realizado o teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov, e para o teste de correlação dos dados não-paramétricos foi utilizado o coeficiente de correlação de postos de Spearman, adotando valor de p < 0,05. Dentre as 51 gestantes incluídas neste estudo, 92,2% nunca participaram de atividades educativas sobre saúde bucal na gestação, 76,5% não fizeram nenhum tipo de acompanhamento odontológico pré-natal, 70,6% consideraram que a gestação provoca problemas periodontais e 64,7% afirmaram que a gestação é responsável pelo aparecimento de cáries. Além disso, 94,1% das participantes afirmaram que gostariam de receber mais informações sobre como cuidar melhor da saúde bucal e 64,7% responderam que não existem restrições para a realização dos atendimentos odontológicos durante a gestação. Houve correlação estatisticamente significante entre as condições de saúde e a renda (r_s = 0,291 e p = 0,038), e entre escolaridade e renda (r_s = 0,434 e p = 0,01). Ficou evidente a necessidade de uma melhor inclusão da odontologia no cuidado pré-natal da Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF), uma vez que o reconhecimento da importância da saúde bucal na gestação, tanto pelos profissionais da equipe quanto pelas mulheres grávidas, é fundamental para um cuidado integral nesse período singular da vida da mulher.

Characterized by complex hormonal, physiological, and psychological changes, pregnancy can predispose or worsen some oral alterations; however, prenatal dental care is still neglected. This descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study analyzed the perceptions and practices regarding oral health and dental care during pregnancy of pregnant women who procured prenatal services at a Family Health Unit (FHU) in Itabuna, Bahia, Brazil. In 2019, previously trained interviewers applied a single questionnaire to all pregnant women living in the area covered by the FHU. Descriptive analysis was performed via IBM SPSS® Statistics version 21.0 to verify data normality (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) and for the correlation test of non-parametric data (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient), adopting p < 0.05. Of the 51 pregnant women interviewed, 92.2% had never participated in educational activities for pregnancy oral health, 76.5% did not attend prenatal dental care, 70.6% thought that pregnancy causes periodontal diseases, and 64.7% stated that pregnancy is responsible for the appearance of dental caries. Moreover, 94.1% of the participants showed interest in receiving more information on how to take better care of their oral health, and 64.7% stated no restrictions for dental care during pregnancy. Correlation between health conditions and income (r_s = 0.291 and p = 0.038) and between education and income (r_s = 0.434 and p = 0.01) were statistically significant. Dentistry must be better included in prenatal care within the Health Family Strategy (HFS), since recognition by both professionals and pregnant women of the importance of oral health during pregnancy is fundamental for comprehensive care in this unique period.

El embarazo es un período que puede predisponer o empeorar algunas alteraciones bucodentales, además de caracterizarse por complejos cambios hormonales, fisiológicos y psicológicos. A pesar de ello, la atención odontológica prenatal se sigue descuidada. Este estudio descriptivo, transversal y de tipo cuantitativo tiene como objetivo analizar las percepciones y las prácticas de las embarazadas que utilizan los servicios prenatales de una Unidad de Salud Familiar (USF) de Itabuna, en Bahía (Brasil), acerca de la salud bucal durante el embarazo, así como sobre la atención odontológica en ese período. En 2019, entrevistadores previamente capacitados aplicaron un único cuestionario a todas las mujeres embarazadas que residen en el área cubierta por la USF. Se utilizó el programa estadístico IBM SPSS® Statistics, versión 21.0, para realizar el análisis descriptivo. Para verificar la normalidad de los datos se utilizó la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov, y para la prueba de correlación de los datos no paramétricos se aplicó el coeficiente de correlación de rangos de Spearman, adoptando un valor de p < 0,05. De las 51 embarazadas incluidas en este estudio, el 92,2% nunca participó en actividades educativas sobre salud bucal para embarazadas, el 76,5% no se sometió a ningún tipo de atención odontológica prenatal, el 70,6% consideró que el embarazo provoca problemas periodontales y el 64,7% afirmó que el embarazo es responsable de la aparición de caries. Además, el 94,1% de las participantes afirmó que le gustaría recibir más información sobre cómo cuidar mejor su salud bucodental, y el 64,7% respondió que no hay restricciones para la atención dental durante el embarazo. Hubo una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre las condiciones de salud y los ingresos (r_s = 0,291 y p = 0,038) y entre la educación y los ingresos (r_s = 0,434 y p = 0,01). Se hizo evidente la necesidad de una mejor inclusión de la odontología en la atención prenatal de la Estrategia de Salud Familiar (ESF), ya que el reconocimiento de la importancia de la salud oral durante el embarazo, tanto por los profesionales del equipo como por las mujeres embarazadas, es esencial para la atención integral en este período único de la vida de la mujer.

Presencia de bacterias en bombillas para infusiones y en cavidad oral de pacientes con salud periodontal y antecedentes de enfermedad periodontal: análisis exploratorio

RESUMEN La retención y sobrevivencia de microorganismos orales (MO) en la bombilla para tomar infusiones representa una posible fuente de contaminación de la boca, principalmente en personas con enfermedades periodontales. El objetivo del trabajo fue identificar la presencia de bacterias en bombillas para infusiones y en cavidad oral de pacientes con salud periodontal y antecedentes de enfermedad periodontal. Este fue un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal con componente analítico. Los participantes del estudio se agruparon en G1 (pacientes con salud periodontal, bombillas estériles para infusiones, con oxido etileno para su uso por 30 días) y G2 (pacientes con antecedente de enfermedad periodontal, bombillas estériles para infusión, con oxido etileno para su uso por 30 días). Participaron del estudio 50 pacientes. En los pacientes sanos (Grupo1) el promedio de Unidades Formadoras de Colonias (UFC) fue de 676± 226, mientras que en los pacientes con enfermedad periodontal (Grupo 2) el promedio de UFC fue de 817± 345. En los pacientes sanos (Grupo1) el promedio de MO fue de 668± 165, mientras que en los pacientes con enfermedad periodontal (Grupo 2) el promedio de MO fue de 774± 156. Se evidencia la presencia de microorganismos en bombillas para infusiones y en cavidad oral de pacientes con salud periodontal y antecedentes de enfermedad periodontal. El recuento de UFC presentes en la cavidad oral de los pacientes con salud periodontal y antecedentes de enfermedad periodontal fue similar.

ABSTRACT The retention and survival of oral microorganisms (OM) in the bombillas to take infusions represents a possible source of contamination of the mouth, mainly in people with periodontal diseases. The objective was to identify the presence of bacteria in infusion bombillas and in the oral cavity of patients with periodontal health and a history of periodontal disease. This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study with analytical component. Study participants were grouped into G1 (patients with periodontal health, sterile infusion bulbs, with ethylene oxide for use for 30 days) and G2 (patients with a history of periodontal disease, sterile infusion bulbs, with ethylene oxide for use for 30 days). Fifty patients participated in the study. In healthy patients (Group1) the mean CFU was 676 ± 226, while in patients with periodontal disease (Group 2) the mean of Colony Forming Units (CFU) was 817 ± 345. In healthy patients (Group1) the mean OM It was 668 ± 165, while in patients with periodontal disease (Group 2) the mean OM was 774 ± 156. The presence of microorganisms is evidenced in bombillas for infusions and in the oral cavity of patients with periodontal health and a history of periodontal disease. The count of CFU present in the oral cavity of patients with periodontal health and a history of periodontal disease was similar.

Exposição Ocupacional a Produtos Químicos e Autoavaliação da Saúde Bucal: Resultados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde 2013 / OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE TO CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES AND SELF-ASSESSMENT OF ORAL HEALTH: RESULTS OF THE NATIONAL HEALTH SURVEY 2013

A exposição a produtos químicos no ambiente laboral tem sido associada a condições bucais. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar a associação entre manuseio de produtos químicos e autoavaliação da saúde bucal em uma amostra de trabalhadores brasileiros. Estudo transversal utilizou dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS), realizada em 2013, no Brasil. A amostra de 36.442 trabalhadores de ambos os sexos e idade ≥ 18 anos. Foram descritas características socioeconômicas, demográficas, ocupacionais, hábitos de vida e situação de saúde. Para a percepção da saúde bucal foi considerada a variável de desfecho. Para a exposição ocupacional a produtos químicos, a variável explicativa. Análises bivariadas e multivariadas foram desenvolvidas por meio do programa estatístico Stata versão 12.0. Idade, raça/cor e região de residência estavam significativamente associadas à maior prevalência de autoavaliação negativa da saúde bucal. Maior prevalência de autoavaliação negativa da saúde bucal entre os indivíduos expostos a produtos químicos (RP=1,15[1,10-1,21] para sexo masculino e RP=1,23[1,16-1,31] para o sexo feminino). Essas associações permaneceram significativas no modelo multivariado para ambos os sexos. Concluiu-se que existe maior prevalência de percepção negativa da saúde bucal entre os trabalhadores expostos ao manuseio de produtos químicos no ambiente laboral.

Exposure to chemicals in the work environment has been associated with oral conditions. The aim of this study was to examine the association between handling chemical products and self-rated oral health in a sample of Brazilian workers. A cross-sectional study used data from the National Health Survey (PNS), carried out in 2013, in Brazil. The sample consisted of 36,442 workers of both sexes and aged ≥ 18 years. Socioeconomic, demographic, occupational, lifestyle and health status characteristics were described. For the perception of oral health, the outcome variable was considered. For occupational exposure to chemicals, the explanatory variable. Bivariate and multivariate analyzes were developed using the Stata version 12.0 statistical program. Age, race/color and region of residence were significantly associated with a higher prevalence of negative self- rated oral health. Higher prevalence of negative self-assessment of oral health among individuals exposed to chemical products (PR=1.15[1.10-1.21] for males and PR=1.23[1.16-1.31] for the women). These associations remained significant in the multivariate model for both sexes. In conclusion, there is a higher prevalence of negative perception of oral health among workers exposed to handling chemical products in the workplace.

Planes, políticas públicas y estrategias de salud bucal en Latinoamérica y el Caribe (1991-2018) / Plans, public policies and strategies of oral health in Latin America and Caribbean (1991-2018)

Introducción: La identificación de políticas públicas y estrategias en salud bucal, así como lo relacionado con sus propósitos, acciones y limitaciones, es un paso importante en la acción intersectorial en salud para alcanzar equidad. Objetivo: Describir las características principales de los documentos relacionados con planes, políticas y estrategias en salud bucal en Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Métodos: Estudio exploratorio mediante el análisis documental de fuentes secundarias de información disponibles en las páginas web de los ministerios de salud de 23 países, y rastreo sistemático en el buscador Google, sin restricción espacio-temporal. Se realizó análisis de contenido cuantitativo y cualitativo. Resultados: Se analizaron 85 documentos. Los países con mayor número de documentos relacionados con el tema propuesto fueron Colombia (n = 14), México (n = 8) y Panamá (n = 7). Una buena parte centran su atención en poblaciones específicas; por ejemplo: gestantes, comunidades vulnerables, escolares, maestros, entre otras. Tienen como propósito la disminución de factores de riesgo para las principales enfermedades bucales, desde enfoques relacionados con los determinantes sociales. El enfoque de género es más tímido y centra su atención en necesidades especiales de las mujeres en embarazo, parto y posparto. Los objetivos de la mayoría de los documentos analizados consistían en una atención integral sobre el estado de salud bucodental, mediante acciones de educación, promoción y actividades clínicas a la población, según sus necesidades. Conclusiones: Se encontró una representación importante de países que tienen documentos relacionados con programas y planes nacionales o locales y con indicadores que reflejan su cumplimiento. También existen guías prácticas de actuación. Aunque en el diseño y construcción de los documentos intervienen profesionales, sobre todo de la estomatología, falta la participación de otras áreas del conocimiento que ayudarían a lograr una visión más amplia hacia la determinación social de la salud(AU)

Introduction: The identification of public policies and strategies in oral health, as well as its purposes, actions and limitations is an important step in intersectoral action in health to achieve equity. Objective: To describe the main characteristics of the documents related to oral health plans, policies and strategies in Latin America en the Caribbean. Methods: An exploratory study was conducted by means of documentary analysis of secondary sources of information available on the websites of the ministries of health of 23 countries, and systematic search in the Google, without spatio-temporal restriction. Quantitative and qualitative content analysis was performed. Results: 85 documents were analyzed. The countries with the highest number of documents related to the research topic were Colombia (n = 14), Mexico (n = 8) and Panama (n = 7). A good part is focused on specific populations, such as pregnant women, socially vulnerable communities, school children, teachers, among others. Their purpose is to reduce risk factors for the main oral diseases, making important advances in approaches related to social determinants. However, the gender approach is more timid by focusing attention on the oral health special needs of women in pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum. The main objectives of most of the documents analyzed consisted of an integral attention on the state of oral health, applying education, promotion and clinical activities to the population, according to their needs. Conclusions: An important representation of countries with documents related to national or local programs and plans were found and they have indicators that reflect their compliance. Also practical action guides were described. Although many professionals, especially in dentistry, intervene in the design and construction of documents, the participation of other areas of knowledge is lacking, what will help to achieve a broader vision towards the social determination of health(AU)

Um olhar sobre a saúde bucal de pacientes acamados domiciliados cadastrados em unidades da Estratégia Saúde da Família no município de Teresópolis/RJ / A perspective on the oral health of home care bedridden patients registered in ESF units in the city of Teresópolis/RJ

Resumo Saúde bucal deficiente pode interferir na saúde geral do indivíduo acamado, prolongando o tempo de recuperação ou agravando a enfermidade. Nesse contexto, esse estudo teve o objetivo de identificar os problemas de saúde bucal percebidos por cuidadores e pacientes acamados domiciliados cadastrados em unidades da ESF no município de Teresópolis, região serrana do Estado do Rio de janeiro. Realizou-se um estudo exploratório baseado em entrevistas. Os principais problemas de saúde bucal referidos foram a dor de dente, a cárie dental, os dentes permanentes perdidos, as lesões na mucosa e a doença periodontal. Esses resultados ajudam a compreender a real demanda de serviços odontológicos possibilitando oferecer um atendimento que respeite as prioridades dos indivíduos. Tais achados apontam para a necessidade de um maior suporte por parte da equipe de saúde para essas famílias. Existe a necessidade de atividades de educação em saúde bucal para o paciente e seu cuidador, orientação quanto a higiene oral, identificação de lesões orais e tratamento clínico.

Abstract Poor oral health may interfere with the general health of the bedridden subject, prolonging recovery time or aggravating the disease. In this context, this study aimed to identify oral health problems perceived by caregivers and home care bedridden patients registered in ESF units in the city of Teresópolis, located in the mountainous region of the state of Rio de Janeiro. An exploratory study based on interviews was conducted. The main referred oral health problems were toothache, dental caries, lost permanent teeth, mucosal lesions and periodontal disease. These results help to understand the demand for dental services, making it possible to provide a service that respects the individual's priorities. These findings point to the need for greater support from the health team for these families. There is a need for oral health education activities for the patient and their caregiver, guidance on oral hygiene, identification of oral lesions and clinical treatment.

COVID-19 Pandemic impact on Brazil's Public Dental System

Abstract: The present study aimed to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental care procedures in the Public Health System in Brazil. A retrospective, ecological study was carried out, comprising 5,564 Brazilian municipalities. The number of dental procedures (per 100,000 inhabitants) performed in the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) was the outcome. The impact of the pandemic was estimated by comparing the rate of procedures for each month of 2020 with the rates observed in the equivalent months in 2019, considering the period from March to August. Regulatory legislation regarding restrictions on dental care, issued by the state governments of 27 Brazilian federative units, was used for mediation analysis. A 55% reduction was observed in March for all procedures (IRR = 0.45, 95%CI 0.39-0.51), while in the other months, the rate of reduction remained ≥ 88%. The biggest decrease was observed in collective preventive procedures (reduction ≥99%) between April and August. Procedures that were less likely to generate aerosols (tooth extraction and prosthetic) and emergencies showed the smallest reduction. The reduction was not mediated by the restrictions imposed by state governments (p>0.05). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was noteworthy in terms of the decrease in the number of dental procedures carried out in the Brazilian Public Dental Service. The lack of access, the delay of elective procedures and the lack of preventive collective procedures could result in an overburdened system, post-Pandemic.

Processo de trabalho em saúde bucal: disparidade entre as equipes no Brasil, 2014 / Proceso de trabajo de salud bucal: disparidad entre equipos en Brasil, 2014 / Oral health work process: disparity between teams in Brazil, 2014

Objetivo: Comparar o desempenho das equipes de saúde bucal (ESBs) das modalidades I e II no processo de trabalho e as diferenças entre regiões brasileiras. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com dados das ESBs que aderiram ao Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (2013-2014). A análise de classes latentes identificou subgrupos de ESBs segundo desempenho (consolidado, em desenvolvimento ou incipiente) no processo de trabalho (planejamento das ações; promoção da saúde; atenção integral). Comparadas as modalidades, obteve-se o índice de disparidade. Resultados: Avaliadas 15.886 ESBs, as da modalidade II apresentaram maior percentual de processo de trabalho consolidado nas regiões Sudeste (67,8 a 94,6%) e Sul (54,8 a 93,0%); observou-se maior disparidade no processo de trabalho consolidado entre ESBs da modalidade II (6,3 a 26,5), comparadas à modalidade I (3,9 a 18,4). Conclusão: ESBs da modalidade II guardam potencial para melhor desempenho no processo de trabalho, com disparidades regionais.

Objetivo: Comparar Equipos de Salud Bucal (ESB) modalidades I y II cuanto al desempeño en el proceso de trabajo y diferencias entre regiones brasileñas. Métodos: Estudio transversal con datos de la ESB adherida al Programa Nacional de Mejoramiento del Acceso y la Calidad en Atención Primaria (2013-2014). Análisis de Clases Latentes identificaron subgrupos de ESB según el desempeño (consolidado, en desarrollo o incipiente) en el proceso de trabajo (planificación de acciones, promoción de salud y atención integral). Se compararon las modalidades y se obtuvo el Índice de Disparidad. Resultados: Participaron 15.886 ESBs, las de modalidad II presentaron mayor porcentaje de proceso de trabajo consolidado en la región Sudeste (67,8% a 94,6%) y Sur (54,8% a 93,0%). La disparidad fue mayor entre la modalidad II (6,3 a 26,5) en comparación con la I (3,9 a 18,4). Conclusión: las ESBs modalidad II tienen potencial para obtener mejor desempeño en el proceso de trabajo, pero hubo disparidad regional.

Objective: To compare Modality I and Modality II Oral Health Teams (OHT) regarding work process performance and differences between Brazilian regions. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with OHTs that took part in the National Program for Primary Health Care Access and Quality Improvement (2013-2014). Latent Class Analysis identified OHT subgroups according to work process (action planning, health promotion actions and comprehensive health care) performance (consolidated, developing or incipient). OHT modalities were compared, resulting in an Index of Disparity. Results: After evaluating 15,886 OHTs, Modality II OHTs were found to have a higher percentage of consolidated work processes in the Southeast (67.8%-94.6%) and Southern (54.8%-93.0%) regions. Disparity in the consolidated work process was greater among Modality II OHTs (6.3-26.5) compared to Modality I OHTs (3.9-18.4). Conclusion: Modality II OHTs have the potential for better performance regarding the work process, but with regional disparities.

Brazilian Oral health teams in primary care and oral cancer: Results of a national evaluation

Abstract Oral cancer is one of the most prevalent cancers in Brazil. An understanding of how public policies are implemented to address this problem can contribute to the construction of solutions. The "Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade" (PMAQ-AB and PMAQ-CEO) at the level of primary and secondary care are evaluations that also collect data on prevention and monitoring strategies for oral cancer. This study aimed to analyze the results of the incorporation of oral health teams to evaluate the strategies adopted by Brazil regarding the impact on the diagnosis of oral cancer. Of the 17,202 family health teams evaluated, 72.10% had oral health teams (OHT). Considering the strategies for prevention, screening, campaign, and follow-up of suspected cases, 72.27% of the campaign teams and 59.09% of the teams who accompanied suspected cases had OHT. In secondary care, more than 65% of the teams in the Southeast and South regions registered cases of oral cancer, and the referral network was more represented. The inclusion of OHT had a positive impact on campaign actions, follow-up, referral to specialists, and registration of suspected cases throughout Brazil.

Dental caries in three-year-old preschool children in Lima, Peru assessed according to the CAST instrument / Caries dental en niños prescolares de 3 años en Lima-Perú evaluados con el instrumento CAST

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the caries situation of three-year-old preschool children residing in low socioeconomic status districts in Lima, Peru. The study is a crosssectional analysis of the caries situation of suburban areas of Lima. A stratified sampling procedure by geographical distribution, considering healthcare centers with a motherand- child health clinic and surrounding preschools as factors, identified 45 randomly selected preschools, of which 17 accepted to participate. Children from 3-year-old classrooms were examined by two independent calibrated dentists using the Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) instrument at their premises using artificial light, sterile examination mirrors and gauze for drying each tooth before evaluation. ANOVA and the Tamhane method were used to analyze the data. 308 children, mean age 3.4 years (min: 3 years; max: 3 years, 7 months), were examined. The sample prevalence of enamel and dentine carious lesions (CAST code 3-7) was 91.2% while the prevalence of dentine carious lesions (CAST code 4-7) was 58.8%. The mean number of teeth with cavities that had reached the pulp and those that had an abscess or fistula were 2.0% and 0.5% respectively. The majority of enamel and dentine carious lesions were observed in molars. The CAST severity score was 7.0. Mean examination time was 57 seconds. The burden of dental caries of the children at this young age was high.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de caries dental en niños en edad preescolar de 3 años residentes en áreas suburbanas de Lima, Perú. Se trata de un análisis transversal de la situación de caries de áreas periféricas de Lima. Un procedimiento de muestreo estratificado por distribución geográfica consideraba a los centros de salud materno-infantiles y centros educativos preescolares de la jurisdicción como factores, identificando 45 centros prescolares aleatoriamente, de los cuales 17 aceptaron la invitación para participar del presente estudio. Dos odontólogas independientes, calibradas examinaron a los niños de las aulas de 3 años utilizando el instrumento Caries Assessment Spectrum and Treatment (CAST) en las instalaciones de cada jardín de infancia, utilizando luz artificial, instrumental estéril y gasas para el secado de las superficies a evaluar. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando ANOVA y el método Tamhane. Se evaluaron 308 niños, quienes tenían una edad media de 3.4 años (min: 3 años; max: 3 años, 7 meses). La prevalencia de lesiones de caries de esmalte y dentina (código CAST 3-7) fue del 91,2%, mientras que la prevalencia de lesiones de caries en dentina (código CAST 4-7) fue de 58,8%. El número promedio de dientes afectados por caries dental con compromiso pulpar y que tenían un absceso o fístula fue de 2.0% y 0.5% respectivamente. La mayoría de las lesiones de caries en esmalte y dentina se observaron en los molares. La valoración de severidad CAST fue 7.0. El tiempo promedio de examinación fue de 57 segundos. La carga de la enfermedad caries dental a estas edades tan tempranas ya es alta en la infancia suburbana de Lima.

Analysis of dentistry youtube videos related to COVID-19

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the videos available on YouTube related to dentistry and the novel coronavirus (COVID-19), as there is no such analysis in the existing literature. The terms "dental" and "COVID-19" were searched on YouTube on May 9, 2020. The top 116 English-language videos with at least 300 views were analyzed by two observers. Data was saved for each video, including target audience, source, country of origin, content, number of views, time watched, average views, duration, like/dislike ratio, and usefulness. Total video information and quality index (VIQI) scores were calculated, consisting of flow, information, accuracy, quality, and precision indices. Non-parametric tests were used for analysis. The analyzed videos were viewed 375,000 times and totaled 20 h of content. Most videos were uploaded by dentists (45.7%), originated from the United States (79.3%), and contained information targeted towards patients (48.3%). Nearly half of the videos (47.4%) were moderately useful. For the usefulness of the videos, statistically significant differences were found for all indices as well as total VIQI scores. A comparison of the indices according to the relevance of the videos showed statistically significant differences in the videos' information and precision indices and total VIQI scores. The results of this study showed that dentistry YouTube videos related to COVID-19 had high view numbers; however, the videos were generally moderate in quality and usefulness.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar os vídeos disponíveis no YouTube relacionados à odontologia e ao novo coronavírus (COVID-19), visto que não há tal análise na literatura existente. Os termos "dental" e "COVID-19" foram pesquisados no YouTube em 9 de maio de 2020. Os 116 principais vídeos em inglês, com pelo menos 300 visualizações, foram analisados por dois observadores. Os dados foram salvos para cada vídeo, incluindo público-alvo, fonte, país de origem, conteúdo, número de visualizações, tempo assistido, média de visualizações, duração, proporção de gostar/não gostar e utilidade. As pontuações do índice total de informação e qualidade de vídeo (VIQI) foram calculadas, consistindo em índices de fluxo, informação, exatidão, qualidade e precisão. Testes não paramétricos foram usados para análise. Os vídeos analisados ​​foram assistidos 375 mil vezes e totalizaram 20 h de conteúdo. A maioria dos vídeos foi enviada por dentistas (45,7%), com origem nos Estados Unidos (79,3%) e com informações direcionadas aos pacientes (48,3%). Quase metade dos vídeos (47,4%) foram moderadamente úteis. Para a utilidade dos vídeos, foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes para todos os índices, bem como para os escores totais do VIQI. Uma comparação dos índices de acordo com a relevância dos vídeos mostrou diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas informações dos vídeos e nos índices de precisão e nas pontuações totais do VIQI. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que os vídeos de odontologia no YouTube relacionados à COVID-19 tiveram um alto número de visualizações; no entanto, os vídeos eram geralmente moderados em qualidade e utilidade.

Relação da saúde bucal com reações hansênicas em município hiperendêmico para hanseníase / Relation between oral health and hansen's disease reactions in a hyperendemic city for hansen's disease

Resumo Introdução Péssimas condições de saúde bucal vêm sendo apontadas como prejudiciais às pessoas acometidas pela hanseníase, pois contribuem para a piora do quadro clínico desses indivíduos. Objetivo Este trabalho objetiva avaliar as condições de saúde bucal dos indivíduos atendidos por um serviço especializado no município de Sobral, no Ceará, e comparar dois grupos (com e sem reação hansênica) quanto às condições orais. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado no Ambulatório de Hanseníase do município de Sobral, no Ceará, com 56 pacientes em tratamento. Foram realizados um levantamento epidemiológico em saúde bucal e uma entrevista que coletaram informações sobre condições de saúde bucal, dados socioeconômicos, utilização dos serviços odontológicos e percepção entre doença e saúde bucal. Para a análise estatística entre os grupos, foi realizada uma análise bivariada, seguida por uma análise multivariada. Resultados Houve predomínio de sexo masculino, baixa escolaridade e diagnóstico multibacilar. Apesar da relação estatisticamente significante entre reação hansênica e cárie dentária, necessidade de exodontia e/ou endodontia, sangramento gengival, cálculo dentário e bolsa periodontal, apenas esta última apresentou associação significativa (p = 0,019) na análise multivariada. Conclusão Os participantes deste estudo apresentaram precárias condições de saúde bucal, sendo piores naqueles com reações hansênicas.

Abstract Background Poor oral health conditions are being considered as harmful for people affected by Hansen's disease, since they contribute to worsening the clinical condition of these individuals. Objective This study aims to evaluate the oral health conditions of individuals attended by a specialized service in the city of Sobral, Ceará, and to compare two groups (with and without Hansen's disease reaction) regarding oral conditions. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out at the Ambulatório de Hanseníase in the city of Sobral, Ceará, Brazil, with 56 patients being treated. An epidemiological survey was conducted on oral health and an interview that collected information on oral health conditions, socioeconomic data, use of dental services and perception between the disease and oral health. For the statistical analysis between the groups, a bivariate analysis was performed, followed by a multivariate analysis. Results Predominance was the male gender, low level of schooling and multibacillary diagnosis. Despite the statistically significant relationship between presence of Hansen's disease reaction and the presence of dental caries, need for exodontia and / or endodontics, gingival bleeding, dental calculus and periodontal pocket, only the latter had a significant association (p = 0.019) in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion The participants of this study presented poor oral health conditions, being worse in those who presented Hansen's disease reactions.

Factors Associated with Malocclusion in Preschool Children in a Brazilian Small Town

Abstract Objective: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with malocclusions in preschool children. Material and Methods: A census, epidemiological study, with a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic sample, was carried out with children aged between 4 and 6 years, matriculated in preschools in the town of Aiquara, Bahia, Brazil. Malocclusion in the deciduous dentition was determined through the application of the index proposed by WHO, with the Foster and Hamilton criteria also being incorporated. The data was tabulated in duplicate in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and following correction, was analyzed using the SPSS, STATA and PAST Software. In order to identify the associated factors, we opted for Multiple Poisson regression analysis and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Results: A total of 148 children were examined and the general prevalence of malocclusions was 69.59%, with 57.5% in the group of 4-year-old, 76.92% those aged 5 years old and 72.46% among children aged 6 years old. In terms of primary canines, 66.2% were identified as class I, 25.7% as class II and 8.1% as class III. Normal overjet was 41.2%, increased overjet 34.5%, edge to edge bite 17.6% and anterior crossbite 6.8%. The normal overbite 51.4%, reduced 20.9% and deep 8.1%. Of the individuals, 20.9% had posterior crossbite. In the Poisson regression analysis and PCA, a statistical association between the malocclusions and dental caries, duration of use of pacifiers, onychophagia and thumb sucking, was identified. Conclusion: The prevalence of malocclusion in preschool children in the small town of Aiquara is high and the associated factors identified are capable of control and prevention.

Improving Dental Service Utilization Rate Using a Proactive Telephone-Based Scheduling Strategy in Primary Healthcare

Abstract Objective: To determine the effect of a proactive telephone-based scheduling strategy to improve dental service utilization rate in primary healthcare. Material and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out based on the dental appointments' records of a primary healthcare center before-strategy and after-strategy periods. The variables studied for both periods were the number of dental appointments requested, dental appointments undergone, no-shows, and available quotas. Data collection was performed by two researchers between May and June 2018. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the absolute and relative frequencies. Results: A total of 10,193 records of dental appointments were registered within the two periods. After-strategy period, dental appointments undergone increased by 16,7%, no-shows decreased by 3%, and available quotas decreased by 21.3%. Conclusion: A proactive telephone-based scheduling strategy increased the dental service utilization rate in primary healthcare.